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Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machines are reputed for their accuracy, precision, and speed. They are versed in manufacturing high quality products with less material waste. This automated machine uses software that controls the tools based on the selected and programmed design. These types of machining are mostly subtractive manufacturing where it removes excess materials when shaping, cutting, and/or creating various parts.
CNC machines mostly create items needed for industries such as Automotive, Medicine, Optical, Aerospace, Military Defense, Commercial goods etc. The basic CNC machines are –
On the other hand, 3D Printers are much like CNC machines. It relies on software and creates products depending on the program selected. This type of machining is an additive type since it produces 3-dimensional models by stacking custom materials. This machine is most beneficial for the medical field as it is used for creating implants, organs, and prosthetics.
Although both machines are computer-mediated and heavily reliant on software and uploaded programs, are widely used for manufacturing industries, and are beneficial for several industries – there are five differences that between CNC machines and 3D Printers.
Materials
In terms of the ability to cater ranges of materials, CNC machines are able to utilize wood, steel, thermoplastics, acrylics, alloys, and modelling foam while 3D printers are only able to cater metal (such as, stainless steel, aluminum, Inconel, and titanium), thermal plastic, and polymers. CNC machines are inclined to using metal while 3D Printers are mostly focused on using plastics. When using metals for 3D printing, aluminum is commonly used. Though, when producing 3D objects from 3D printers, the most expensive 3D Industrial machines are needed.
Material Waste
In terms of waste production, 3D printers produce less waste than CNC machines. The 3D printers only use the exact amount required to curate the certain product. On the other hand, CNC machines produce a ton of clippings, cutting, and shards. The waste produced from 3D printing are those misprints. Although, there are materials (such as thermosetting plastics and PLA) that can be recycled and reshaped to produce a new product but for other materials, they are not biodegradable. As for the CNC machining waste, these scraps can be recycled.
Practicality
3D printing is good for new users as it is easy to learn and is accessible. It does not require a high skill level to create basic 3D prints. All one needs to do is select the design, start the machine, and once it starts printing, there is no need for human intervention until it is done. On the other hand, operating CNC machines is labor-intensive and its software is complex thus requiring a professional to operate it. CNC machine operators should have high quality skills and are knowledgeable in regards to operating the machines as it involve selecting appropriate tools, proper positioning of materials, and daily maintenance of machines
Accuracy, Precision, and Speed
In terms of achieving geometrically complex items, 3D printers are the best for the job. But if you aim to mass reproduce identically similar products, CNC machines are recommended since 3D products are prone to warping and shrinkage. Remember, CNC machines were designed to create accurate and precise pieces, although 3D printers could also do so, in terms of accuracy and precision, CNC machines are highly recommended. In terms of speed, CNC machines are much faster than 3D printers. A project that would take a day for a 3D printer to accomplish would only take a few hours for a CNC machine. 3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing and it means that building layers after layers is a really slow process and the item produced will need to be post-processed before it can be used.
Cost
CNC machines are investments (and expensive). Plus, it requires regular maintenance. However, if you aim to mass reproduce accurately identical products, CNC machines are highly recommended. 3D printers, in contrast, are inexpensive. Plus, it is ideal and cost-efficient if you only need to reproduce quite a small volume. However, in terms of materials, the operation cost may vary.
Both machines have their pros and cons. Depending on manufacturing needs, it is important to consider these factors when deciding which machine you should invest in. If you’re looking to purchase a CNC machine, please contact us or make sure to look through our used CNC machine inventory.
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